Exam IV 1994

BIO 332-3 Spring 1994 Biology of Plants	EXAM IV	Name____________________

Follow all verbal directions

Selaginella and Friends:

Selaginella has two kinds of sporangia called the
and the
The gametophytes of Selaginella are held within
The source of energy for Selaginella gametophytes is
One of the heterosporous ferns could easily be confused with a

Gymnosperms:

The gymno- part of gymnosperm means
The -sperm part of gymnosperm refers to
Which gymnosperm sporophyte most closely resembles the ferns?	-phyta
In many gymnosperms, the male and female structures are on separate plants. This condition is known as
Do Ginkgo sperm swim?	yes no
What structure of the female Ginkgo tree makes it stink?
What type of shoot bears the male catkin in Ginkgo ?
What type of shoot has leaves in clusters in Ginkgo ?
What type of shoot has leaves held singly in Ginkgo ?
The sperm of pines arises from division of the	cell
How many pine sperm are made per gametophyte?	none one two four many
Do pine sperm swim?	yes no
What is the name for the endosporic microgametophyte in pine?
What tissue must be penetrated to deliver sperm in pines?
What process takes place in the first spring of an ovulate pine cone?
What process takes place in the second spring of an ovulate pine cone?
What process takes place in the third spring of an ovulate pine cone?
What cell is free-nuclear in pine?
In pines the egg is held in a gametangium known as the
Which type of pine cone is simple?	microsporangiate megasporangiate
What structure makes a pine cone compound?
What structure distinguishes the Gnetophytes from the lower gymnosperms?
What agent pollinates most gymnosperms?
The stamen of a flower is equivalent to a pine

Angiosperms

Distinguish the following:

Simple Fruit

Aggregate Fruit

Multiple Fruit

In the space below, diagram and label completely the development of a typical dicot embryo from zygote to arrested development in the mature seed.

Describe the formation, development, genetics, and use of the endosperm in angiosperms.
Formation

Development

Genetics

Use

Evolution

The plants have evolved from algal origins to life on land...

What structure was responsible for dispersal of primitive species?
What structure was responsible for dispersal of advanced species?
The means for getting "male" to "female" evolved from
to
What is meant by determinate growth?
The storage tissue of a pine seed is
while the storage tissue of corn seeds is

Trace the evolution of the male gametophyte, gametangium and gamete from a condition found in mosses to the condition found in Angiosperms.

Gametophyte Gametangium Gamete
Oedogonium (algae)

Mosses

Ferns

Selaginella

Pine

Angiosperms

Trace the evolution of the female gamete and its various coverings from the condition found in mosses to the condition in angiosperms. It might be useful to think of Russian Dolls, one inside another.

Gametophyte Gametangium Gamete
Oedogonium (algae)

Mosses

Ferns

Selaginella

Pine

Angiosperms

Contrast the flower in its most primitive form with its most advanced form

Primitive Condition Advanced Condition
Symmetry

#Parts/Whorl

-Gyny

Receptacle

Pollinator

Flower Size

Fusion

Label the diagram below as completely as possible:

The flower above is:    epigynous     perigynous     hypogynous
The ovary above is:    superior     inferior
The pistil above is:    simple     compound

What is it that most meaningfully distinguishes angiosperms from gymnosperms (hint: look at those names!)?

In the angiosperm

while in the gymnosperm

Indicate the ploidy of each nucleus of the following:

from
zygote from
parent
Nucellus 1N 2N 2N 3N °N
Pollen Grain 1N 2N 2N 3N °N
Embryo Sac 1N 2N 2N 3N °N
Pollen Tube 1N 2N 2N 3N °N
Endosperm 1N 2N 2N 3N °N
Integument 1N 2N 2N 3N °N

		from zygote	from parent
Nucellus	1N	2N	2N	3N	°N
Pollen Grain	1N	2N	2N	3N	°N
Embryo Sac	1N	2N	2N	3N	°N
Pollen Tube	1N	2N	2N	3N	°N
Endosperm	1N	2N	2N	3N	°N
Integument	1N	2N	2N	3N	°N

Knowledge of Tomato Plants

Describe the environmental preferences for tomato plants.

What time of year do you think tomato plants are active in nature?

Where might you look in the world to find tomatoes growing wild?

Knowing what you do about the form of tomato plants, you should expect two major differences between the shoot apex longitudinal section of Coleus and Lycopersicon. Name them.

The root apex of corn was examined much earlier in the semester. What major difference would you expect to find in the root apex longitudinal section of tomato?

The stem cross-section of sunflower was examined much earlier in the semester. What major difference would you expect to find in the cross-section of the tomato?

What is the stomatal distribution in the two epidermi of tomato leaves?

	Gametophyte	Gametangium	Gamete
Oedogonium (algae)
Mosses
Ferns
Selaginella
Pine
Angiosperms

	Primitive Condition	Advanced Condition
Symmetry
#Parts/Whorl
-Gyny
Receptacle
Pollinator
Flower Size
Fusion